Determination of vertebrate scavenger guilds in southwestern Ontario

When a body is exposed to the natural environment, there are a multitude of taphonomic agents that can affect the remains. One taphonomic agent that has not been extensively studied in Canada is vertebrate scavengers. Although in recent years vertebrate scavenging studies have occurred in several provinces, Canada is a large country with many environmental and climate types. This study aimed to determine the scavenger guild of a rural region of Leamington, in southwestern Ontario. Pig carcasses were surface deposited at a secure location which was accessible to scavengers with placement of two carcasses each in Fall 2023 and Summer 2024, respectively. Scavenging activity was captured using cellular and non-cellular trail cameras. Images were qualitatively analyzed to establish species interaction with the carcasses. It was found that the number of species was limited, but the presence of certain species was prevalent. At all sites, opossums and coyotes were the most frequent scavengers, with coyotes being responsible for the movement and dispersal of the carcasses. The study findings can provide valuable information when searching for human remains in this area or in other areas with similar terrain, climate and species.