Assuring the stability of underground headings in order to fulfill their technical functions without any disturbance and provide a safe workplace for mining staff seems to be a fundamental issue in mining activity. In recent years, rockbolts: bar or cable have been most frequently applied as a means of reinforcement. Such a construction is often referred to as a stand-and-roofbolting support. The paper presents sample results of monitoring stand-and-roof-bolting support systems selected from numerous research projects carried out by the authors. The results discussed below are based on the measurements of the strength parameters of rocks in the laboratory and in-situ research, convergence of underground excavations, forces in rockbolts, separation of roof rock strata tested with extensometric probes, telltales and endoscopes, as well as steel yielding support frames load tested with dynamometers. The complex measurements of stand-and-roof-bolting supports along with specifications of geological, mining and geomechanical conditions allowed to formulate a proper evaluation of support behavior and its effectiveness for particular conditions. KEYWORDS: stability of underground roadways, support monitoring, stand-and-roof bolting support, support design systems, which definitely fails to provide a sound basis for estimating the behavior of support and surrounding rock mass over a longer period of time or in changeable mining conditions. Therefore, the only way to optimize the support system for particular conditions is the proper monitoring of stand-and-roofbolting support carried out in natural conditions Such a method allows one to obtain a work specification of particular elements of support, which can verify the appropriateness of the applied. In most cases, support monitoring makes it possible to determine optimal conditions, in which number of rockbolts, their length and frame size can be minimized, whereas frame spacing can be increased. As a result, such monitoring procedures offer numerous benefits, such as: an increase in the safety potential offered by the applied solutions, facilitating an on-going search for more innovative support systems, entailing cost minimization of exploitation and providing optimal protection of headings with an ideal adjustment of support system to dynamic requirements.
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Zbigniew Niedbalski (2013) studied this question.