Case report: paracentral acute middle maculopathy following covid- 19 vaccination

We report a case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) in association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.A 67-year-old male patient presented with a complaint of decreased vision in his right eye (OD) three days after receiving the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.Dilated fundus examination showed a white retinal lesion in the superior parafoveal region and optic disc edema in OD, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) revealed hypoautofluorescence at the corresponding area.Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) demonstrated the presence of a hyperreflective band along the inner nuclear layers (INL) and extending from the outer plexiform layer (OPL) to inner plexiform layer (IPL) in OD, SD-OCT was normal in his left eye (OS).Fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) showed hypofluorescence in the superior parafoveal area with late disc leakage in OD and FA was normal in OS.Current case highlights the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine as a possible cause for PAMM as a form of a rare adverse effect.However, further studies should be done to describe any association between COVID-19 vaccination and post-vaccination related retinopathies.