Why the study?
Do instructional, pacing, and feedback procedures affect respiration rate, amplitude, heart rate, and electromyogram activity?
Do instructional, pacing, and feedback procedures affect respiration rate, amplitude, heart rate, and electromyogram activity?
Pacing respiration rate reliably affects respiratory rate but does not significantly alter respiration amplitude, heart rate, or electromyogram activity.
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Pacing may selectively modulate respiration rate; leaves open broader autonomic effects in clinical settings.
Procedures designed to affect respiration rate and amplitude were assessed for 4 groups of 8 subjects each. The groups were exposed to combinations of procedures providing feedback for decreasing respiration amplitude, pacing respiration rate, and instructions on rate and amplitude of breathing. After an initial baseline, effects were examined during both treatment and self-management phases for respiratory activity and concurrent heart-rate and electromyogram activity. Reliable effects of pacing on respiration rate, and a slight, but non-significant effect on amplitude were observed. No effects were observed for any heart-rate or electromyogram measures.
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Epstein et al. (1975) studied this question.
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