Silk Fibroin for Cardiovascular Medical Devices: Review of Material Properties, Applications, and Clinical Potential

Silk fibroin, a natural protein polymer derived from the silkworm Bombyx mori , has emerged as a versatile biomaterial in regenerative medicine. Its mechanical strength, cytocompatibility, slow biodegradability, and tunable properties have positioned silk as a promising candidate in cardiovascular applications. This review presents recent advancements in the use of silk for cardiovascular devices, including vascular grafts, stents, cardiac patches, and heart valves. We discuss the fabrication techniques used for these devices and provide a critical overview of their biological performance and translational potential.