Key result
The novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 strain caused 100% mortality in 1-day-old piglets, 50% mortality in 3-day-old piglets without maternal antibodies, and 0% mortality in those with maternal antibodies.
Why the study?
S-INDEL PEDV strains have drawn attention due to genetic divergence, but their pathogenic potential in the field remains uncertain.
The novel recombinant S-INDEL PEDV strain CH/JSHA2024 demonstrates age- and antibody-dependent pathogenicity, causing severe mortality in neonatal piglets but non-fatal acute diarrhea in older pigs.
This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an enteropathogenic coronavirus of significant veterinary importance, induces severe watery diarrhea and dehydration in swine populations, with mortality rates approaching 100% in neonatal piglets. Among PEDV variants, S-INDEL strains have drawn increasing attention because of their genetic divergence and uncertain pathogenic potential in the field. In 2024, a novel S-INDEL PEDV strain, designated PEDV CH/JSHA2024, was isolated from intestinal samples of diarrheic piglets on a commercial swine farm in Jiangsu Province, China. Recombination analysis revealed that the spike (S) glycoprotein gene of this strain originated from genetic recombination between the Ch/HNLH/2015 and SQ2014 progenitor strains. Comparative genomic analysis with the prototype OH851 strain revealed multiple amino acid substitutions and insertions, including multiple amino acid substitutions and insertions within the S1 subunit, along with the absence of a conserved N-glycosylation site at position 114 (N114). The pathogenic potential of PEDV CH/JSHA2024 was assessed in pigs of different ages and maternal antibody levels. The strain caused 100% mortality in 1-day-old piglets (6/6), 50% mortality in 3-day-old piglets lacking maternal antibodies (3/6), and no mortality in 3-day-old piglets with maternal antibodies (0/6). In older animals, including 4-week-old weaned piglets and gilts, infection led to acute diarrhea and reduced feed intake but not fatality. Notably, high levels of serum IgA antibodies persisted for at least two months postinfection. These findings advance our understanding of coronavirus evolution through genetic recombination events. The establishment of this experimental model provides a valuable platform for elucidating the molecular determinants underlying S-INDEL strain pathogenesis, with particular implications for vaccine development and herd immunity strategies.
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Novel S-INDEL PEDV isolation signals need for swine surveillance; leaves open questions on field pathogenicity and vaccine impact.
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Hu et al. (2025) studied Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infection (n=30). PEDV CH/JSHA2024 vs. PBS (mock infection) was evaluated on Mortality rate. The novel S-INDEL PEDV CH/JSHA2024 strain caused 100% mortality in 1-day-old piglets, 50% mortality in 3-day-old piglets without maternal antibodies, and 0% mortality in those with maternal antibodies.
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