Saponins modulates fatty alcohol oxidase to reduce myocardial remodeling and control heart failure by regulating cGMP-PKG signaling pathway

This study analyzed mechanism of saponins regulating fatty alcohol oxidase (FAO) to reduce myocardial remodeling and control heart failure. 30 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly and equally assigned into control group, model group, and saponin group, followed by analysis of myocardial tissue pathology, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), Recombinant Human Protein (PKG), Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-α) expression levels, and cell apoptosis. Compared to control group, cGMP, PKG, PPAR-α, uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), and cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36) mRNA levels in the model group were significantly decreased (P <0.001) and elevated in the saponin group (P <0.05). Oxidation rates of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), phosphocreatine/ATP, and palmitic acid in the model group were significantly decreased (P <0.001) and elevated in the saponin group (P <0.05). Apoptosis and level of Cleaved caspase-3 were significantly reduced in the model group (P <0.001) and increased in the saponin group (P <0.05). Levels of cGMP, PKG, PPAR-α, UCP3 and CD36 in the model group decreased (P <0.001) and increased in the saponin group (P <0.001), but lower than in the control group. Relative to the model group, Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) level was significantly increased in the inhibitor group and decreased in the agonist group (P <0.001). Saponins activate cGMP-PKG signaling pathway, up-regulating cGMP and PKG, promoting PPAR-α expression, inhibiting myocardial cell necroptosis, thereby reducing inflammatory infiltration of myocardial cells, improving connective tissue hyperplasia, and reducing myocardial injury and myocardial remodeling, thus play an anti-heart failure role.