Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Predicts Outcome in Complex Aortic Surgery

Figures

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  Figure 1. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) release during aortic surgery. Compared to endovascular repair, the open procedure induced higher perioperative MIF release, and this difference persisted up to the first hours after intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Endovascular repair induced only a moderate perioperative MIF increase; MIF values are presented as median with interquartile range (ng/mL).

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  Figure 2. ROC analysis of perioperative MIF levels and patient survival. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic capacities of (A) perioperative MIF levels and (B) MIF levels during ICU admission with regard to survival. If an elevated MIF value indicates that the patient is likely to die after surgery, the ROC curve should be farther from the bisecting line (Sensitivity = 1 − Specificity). (C) Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), likelihood ratios (LR +/−), and area under the curve (AUC) are reported for either the Youden optimal cut-off (maximize Se + Sp − 1) or for a sensitivity cut-off of at least 75%. * Good-to-moderate diagnostic quality: LQ+ of >3 and LQ− of <0.3. * Excellent diagnostic quality: LQ+ of >10 and LQ− of >0.1.

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  Figure 3. ROC analysis of perioperative MIF levels and patient discharge modality. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic capacities of (A) perioperative MIF levels and (B) MIF levels during ICU admission with regard to discharge modality. If an elevated MIF value indicates an adverse discharge modality, the ROC curve should be farther from the bisecting line (Sensitivity = 1 − Specificity). (C) Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), likelihood ratios (LR +/−), and area under the curve (AUC) are reported for either the Youden optimal cut-off (maximize Se + Sp − 1) or for a sensitivity cut-off of at least 75%. * Good-to-moderate diagnostic quality: LQ+ of >3; LQ− of <0.3. * Excellent diagnostic quality: LQ+ of >10 and LQ− of >0.1.

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  Figure 4. ROC analysis of perioperative MIF levels and acute kidney injury. ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic capacities of (A) perioperative MIF levels and (B) MIF levels during ICU admission with regard to acute kidney injury (AKI) based on a serum creatinine increase of >50% within 48 h after ICU admission. If an elevated MIF value indicates AKI, the ROC curve should be farther from the bisecting line (Sensitivity = 1 − Specificity). (C) Sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), likelihood ratios (LR +/−), and area under the curve (AUC) are reported for either the Youden optimal cut-off (maximize Se + Sp − 1) or for a sensitivity cut-off of at least 75%. * Good-to-moderate diagnostic quality: LQ+ of >3 and LQ− of <0.3. * Excellent diagnostic quality: LQ+ of >10 and LQ− of >0.1.