Strategic and technical challenges in the deployment of a national CO2 transport network

The transition to a carbon–neutral economy requires the development of robust infrastructure for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) transport, particularly in the context of Carbon Capture, Utilization, and Storage (CCUS) as a strategy to halt climate change. This paper has the purpose of explore the strategical and technical challenges associated with deploying a national CO 2 transport network, with a focus on the perspective of a national CO 2 transport network. The methodology used examines the European and national regulatory frameworks, the physicochemical properties of CO 2 , quality and purity requirements, and the design criteria for dense-phase pipelines and discuss the implications of impurities, corrosion, hydrate formation, and phase stability, along with the characterization of Carbon Capture, and Storage and CCUS as carriers. The study concludes that standardizing dense-phase transport, supported by harmonized regulation and strategic investment, is essential to ensure the safety, efficiency, and interoperability of future CO 2 networks.