Pulmonary artery banding for dilated and depressed left ventricle: dilated cardiomyopathy versus left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy

Objectives: To retrospectively assess the suitability of pulmonary artery banding as a treatment strategy for dilated cardiomyopathy and left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. Methods: The study was retrospective and included consecutive patients who met the inclusion criteria: diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy or left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy and left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35%. Cardiac indices were documented, and clinical outcomes were followed for 5 years. Results: This study included 21 patients with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction due to dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 11) or left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (n = 10), treated either with anti-congestion medication alone or in combination with pulmonary artery banding. The groups treated with pulmonary artery banding showed significant improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction compared to controls (ANOVA, p = 0.0002), with no major adverse events. In the subgroup with left ventricular non-compaction, pulmonary artery banding led to significant improvement of the left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.00002) and significant reductions in the Z scores of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (p = 0.0002) and of end-diastolic volume (p = 0.004). Conclusions: Pulmonary artery banding appears to be a viable strategy for improving heart function in patients with non-compaction and dilated cardiomyopathy and depressed left ventricular ejection fraction. While pulmonary artery banding demonstrated more pronounced benefits in the subgroup with non-compaction cardiomyopathy, significantly enhancing cardiac restoration indices throughout the follow-up period, warranting further investigation in larger studies.