Key result
Nonpharmacological treatment in hypertensive children is linked to lower blood pressure and downregulated renin-angiotensin genes.
Why the study?
Does nonpharmacological treatment alter leukocyte mRNA expression of renin-angiotensin system genes and adipokine receptors in children with primary hypertension?
Observational (n=46)
Does nonpharmacological treatment alter leukocyte mRNA expression of renin-angiotensin system genes and adipokine receptors in children with primary hypertension?
Nonpharmacological treatment in hypertensive children downregulates genes involved in renin-angiotensin activation and leukocyte responses to adipokines, alongside improving blood pressure and metabolic profiles.
Nonpharmacological treatment downregulated leukocyte RAS and adipokine receptor genes in hypertensive children; leaves open causal links to BP reduction and needs prospective validation.
Renin-angiotensin system, metabolic abnormalities, and immune activity have a role in the pathogenesis of primary hypertension. We assessed the leukocyte mRNA expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin converting enzyme, renin, angiotensin 2 type 1 receptor, CD14 molecule, adiponectin type 1 receptor, and leptin receptor in hypertensive children before and after nonpharmacological treatment. Leukocyte mRNA expression was measured by means of quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in 23 hypertensive children before and after 6 months of nonpharmacological treatment based on dietary advice and physical activities. Twenty-three normotensive children matched for age, sex, and body mass index served as a control group. Before treatment patients had elevated expression of angiotensin converting enzyme and CD14 mRNA, decreased expression of angiotensinogen and angiotensin type 1 receptor mRNA, and unchanged expression of renin, adiponectin, and leptin receptors mRNA as compared with controls. Renin mRNA negatively correlated with 24-hour mean arterial pressure and carotid intima-media thickness. Six months of nonpharmacological treatment caused decrease of blood pressure and normalization of metabolic abnormalities. Renin, adiponectin, and leptin receptors mRNA expression decreased and were lower than in control group. Changes in blood pressure, left ventricular mass, carotid intima-media thickness, body mass index, and waist circumference did not correlate with changes in the expression of renin-angiotensin system genes, CD14, leptin, and adiponectin receptors mRNA. We conclude that leukocytes of hypertensive children displayed alterations in the expression of renin-angiotensin system genes as well as those of CD14. Nonpharmacological treatment resulted in downregulation of genes involved in renin-angiotensin activation and those engaged in leukocyte responses to adipokines.
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Litwin et al. (2012) conducted an observational in Primary hypertension (n=46). Nonpharmacological treatment (dietary advice and physical activities) vs. Baseline and normotensive controls was evaluated on Leukocyte mRNA expression of renin-angiotensin system genes, CD14, and adipokine receptors. Six months of nonpharmacological treatment in hypertensive children decreased blood pressure and downregulated leukocyte genes involved in renin-angiotensin activation and adipokine responses.
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