Abstract Primate infants depend on their mothers for nursing, transportation, and survival, but also benefit from other behaviours such as contact, protection, and the mother serving as a model for social learning. During infancy, variation in maternal care (“maternal style”) can have profound consequences for infant development and survival. We investigated the link between maternal style and infant growth and survival in wild Guinea baboons ( Papio papio ). This species lives in a tolerant social system with female-biased dispersal. We used data from N = 80 infants to assess variation in maternal style. The final statistical models comprised data from N = 50 infants for the growth analysis based on Parallel Laser Photogrammetry (PLP) measures of forearm length, and N = 63 infants for the survival analysis. To account for heterogeneity in data, we applied a recently established statistical framework that controls for variation in maternal behaviour with infant age. We found only moderate variation among mothers and no evidence for a link between maternal style and infant growth or survival. Neither infant sex, maternal age, nor NDVI variation, a measure later shown to be a poor indicator of food availability, predicted infant growth or survival. We suspect that, in this population living in a habitat with high carrying capacity, disease and predation have greater effects on infant growth and survival than maternal behaviour. Future studies should consider the interplay between infant behaviour and maternal responses in greater detail to better understand variation in early social development.
Diego et al. (2026) studied this question.