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September 10, 2026Russian Journal of Preventive Medicine

HFA-PEFF score ≥2 links to persistent inflammation, insulin resistance, and myocardial remodeling in hypertensive COVID-19 survivors.

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Why the study?

The impact of systemic inflammation on long-term functional prognosis in hypertensive COVID-19 survivors, particularly those at intermediate risk on the HFA-PEFF scale, remains inadequately explored.

Population

200 COVID-19 survivors with hypertension

Comparison

Stratified according to the HFA-PEFF scale

Follow-up

12-month

Key result

Among COVID-19 survivors with hypertension, those with an HFA-PEFF score ≥2 (62%) exhibited persistent subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, and myocardial remodeling at 12 months.

Authors

KAK. AvdeevaТПТ. И. ПетелинаTVT. N. Vasilkova

Discussion

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Overview

COVID-19 survivors with hypertension and an intermediate HFA-PEFF score (≥2) exhibit persistent subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, and myocardial remodeling, suggesting a higher risk for developing HFpEF.

Key Points

  • To evaluate relationships between inflammatory biomarkers, metabolic parameters, echocardiographic metrics, and HFA-PEFF risk stratification in hypertensive COVID-19 survivors to identify individuals most vulnerable to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
  • Assessed 200 hypertensive COVID-19 survivors stratified using the HFA-PEFF diagnostic scale.
  • Measured inflammatory biomarkers (hsCRP, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha), metabolic indices (TyG, CTI, lipid profiles, glucose), and NT-proBNP alongside echocardiographic systolic and diastolic parameters over a 12-month follow-up.
  • Patients with an HFA-PEFF score ≥2 represented 62% of the cohort and showed significantly higher baseline total cholesterol, VLDL, triglycerides, IL-6, IL-1β, TyG, and CTI, alongside lower HDL cholesterol at 12 months.
  • Echocardiography revealed significantly greater left ventricular wall thickness, increased left ventricular myocardial mass, and altered regional strain in the basal anterolateral, middle anterolateral, and inferolateral segments in patients with HFA-PEFF scores ≥2.

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=200)

Structured PICO

P
Population
200 COVID-19 survivors with hypertension, stratified by the HFA-PEFF scale and followed for 12 months.
E
Exposure
Risk stratification using the HFA-PEFF scale
O
Outcome
Associations among inflammatory status, metabolic and echocardiographic metrics, and risk stratification using the HFA-PEFF scalesurrogate

COVID-19 survivors with hypertension and an intermediate HFA-PEFF score (≥2) exhibit persistent subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, and myocardial remodeling, suggesting a higher risk for developing HFpEF.

Cite This Study

Avdeeva et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in COVID-19 survivors with hypertension (n=200). HFA-PEFF score ≥2 vs. HFA-PEFF score <2 was evaluated on Metabolic, inflammatory, and echocardiographic metrics. Among COVID-19 survivors with hypertension, those with an HFA-PEFF score ≥2 (62%) exhibited persistent subclinical inflammation, insulin resistance, and myocardial remodeling at 12 months.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa27b5758559d80afc749a8https://doi.org/10.17116/profmed20262908171
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