Philosophy of National Identity in the Post-Modern Era

Issues of identity are relevant for all types of societies, as they are an internal, subconscious source and a powerful engine for the existence of a social group, state, and nation. At the same time, identity serves as a life-enhancing reference point in the formation and becoming a personality. Therefore, there is a scientific interest in the study of the peculiarities of national identity in the postmodern era globalisztion. The aim of the study is to consider and theoretically substantiate the features of the postmodern “I” identity, appealing to globalization. The specified goal defines the following tasks: to consider postmodernism as an era of new opportunities for “I” identity; to reveal the meaning of language in the process of identity in the conditions of globalization. Research results. It has been established that the postmodern era has created a wide range of identities that a person gets to know in the course of his/her life and as a result chooses his/her own, the one he/she likes the most, the one in which he/she feels comfortable. For a deeper understanding of the identity essence in different societies, the peculiarities of identity in open and closed types of societies are analyzed. It has been proven that in closed types of societies “I” identify with the “Other”, while “I” as a subject is lost and “We” is formed. What cannot be said about open societies, which within globalization, give the opportunity to choose “I” identity in relation to the “Other” by creating “We” and at the same time not losing “I” identity. In this case, we are not talking about the full identity of “I”, but only a partial one, which is oriented towards values, factors, processes and other social and cultural factors. In this case, “I” appears as a collective rather than a holistic entity. The activity of such “I” is dialectical and culturally disoriented and aimed at self-preservation. The following methods were used for the objective clarification of the problem: dialectical, cultural, behavioristic, psychoanalytical, and comparative. The use of the mentioned methods made it possible to draw conclusions that the postmodern era has created wide opportunities for identity, destroying the principle of monoculture in favor of polyculture, historically created value-orienting and meaningful identity priorities in the conditions of globalization dissolve, are reinterpreted and in some places lose their essence. The national identity undergoes a crisis and a transnational, global, mobile one is formed, this is facilitated by state support in mastering the English language (relevant to non-English-speaking countries with a weak economy). Under such conditions, in the process of “I” identity with the “Other” and “We” formation, “I” appears as collective, fragmented, which at the personal level leads to confusion and temporality. Taking into account the economic, social, and political factors that are objective in countries with a low level of economic development, financial and legal stability, material values and goods become dominant in the process of “I” identity. The practical value of the research lies in the rethinking of the essence of “I” identity in the conditions the postmodern era globalisation and the possibility of avoiding extremes in state politics in relation to the national one.