A Whole-Genome Analysis of the African Swine Fever Virus That Circulated during the First Outbreak in Vietnam in 2019 and Subsequently in 2022

Figure 1. Degree of genetic variations in the conservative genes of African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolates. (a) Heatmap and respective dendrogram of each ASFV isolate showing the relationships between the nucleotide sequences of viral strains. (b) Heatmap and respective dendrogram of each ASFV isolate showing the relationships between the protein sequences of viral strains. Black squares indicate the Vietnamese strains of VN/HY/2019-ASFV1 and VN/QP/2019-ASFV1.

Figure 2. Sequence alignment of the intergenic regions (IGRs) of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains. (a) Alignment of the IGR between the I73R and I329L genes of ASFV isolates. (b) Alignment of the IGR between the A179L and A137R genes of ASFV isolates. Black circles indicate the VN/HY/2019-ASFV1, VN/QP/2019-ASFV1, and VN/HY/2022-ASFV2 strains analyzed in this study. Numbers above the alignment represent the positions relative to VN/HY/2019-ASFV1 (NCBI GenBank No. MT872723), and black bars indicate nucleotide tandem repeats in the IGRs. Different background colors represent adenine (A, red), thymine (T, green), cytosine (C, blue), and guanine (G, yellow), respectively.

Figure 3. Phylogenetic relationships are based on the whole-genome sequences of the 27 African swine fever virus (ASFV) strains identified from different countries and years. The tree was constructed using the CLC Genomics Workbench and the neighbor-joining algorithm. Black squares indicate the VN/HY/2019-ASFV1 and VN/QP/2019-ASFV1 strains, and the black bars on the right indicate the p72 genotypes. The number along the branches represents 100 bootstrap values.