Key result
High cardiorespiratory fitness is linked to ~48% lower all-cause mortality in adults with cancer.
Why the study?
While cardiorespiratory fitness is inversely associated with all-cause mortality in healthy populations, whether this association exists among adults diagnosed with cancer remains unclear.
Does higher cardiorespiratory fitness reduce all-cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer?
Meta-Analysis (n=6,486)
Does higher cardiorespiratory fitness reduce all-cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer?
Higher cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with a significantly reduced risk of all-cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May support fitness assessment in cancer survivorship care; leaves open whether interventions improve survival.
INTRODUCTION: The inverse association between cardiorespiratory fitness and all-cause mortality in apparently healthy populations has been previously reported; however, the existence of this association among adults diagnosed with cancer is unclear. AIM: To determine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and all-cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer. METHODS: Medline, Embase, and SPORTDiscus databases were searched. Eligible prospective cohort studies that examined the association of cardiorespiratory fitness with all-cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer were included. Hazard ratios (HRs) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from studies for all-cause mortality and pooled HRs were calculated using the random-effects inverse-variance model with the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman adjustment. RESULTS: Data from 13 studies with 6,486 adults were included. Compared with lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness, high levels were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality among adults diagnosed with any cancer (HR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.35-0.77), lung cancer (HR = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46-0.83), and among those with cardiorespiratory fitness measurement via indirect calorimetry (HR = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.27-0.80). Pooled HRs for the reduction in all-cause mortality risk per 1-MET increase were also statistically significant (HR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.69-0.99). Neither age at baseline nor the length of follow-up had a significant influence on the HR estimates for all-cause mortality risk. CONCLUSION: Cardiorespiratory fitness may confer an independent protective benefit against all-cause mortality in adults diagnosed with cancer. The use of cardiorespiratory fitness as a prognostic parameter might help determine risk for future adverse clinical events and optimize therapeutic management strategies to reduce long-term treatment-related effects in adults diagnosed with cancer.
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Ezzatvar et al. (2021) conducted a meta-analysis in Cancer (n=6,486). High cardiorespiratory fitness vs. Lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness was evaluated on All-cause mortality (HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.77). High levels of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality among adults diagnosed with cancer compared to lower levels.
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