The essential role played by excess of MoO3 in Fe2O3–MoO3 catalysts with the respect to bulk composition Mo/Fe = 1·50 was found on the basis of an X-ray photoelectron study to be the production of stoicheiometric iron(III) molybdate at the catalyst surface; this is the active phase for the oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde.
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Okamoto et al. (1981) studied this question.
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