Transcatheter mitral valve implantation: different fixation techniques

Transcatheter mitral valve implantation provides an off-pump treatment option for mitral valve regurgitation, especially for secondary mitral regurgitation.It offers an opportunity for the treatment of a large cohort of patients not referred for conventional surgery.One of the biggest challenges is the development of a valved stent that suits the complex anatomy of the native mitral valve.Furthermore, secure anchorage of the device is difficult in the mitral area without clearly defined structures.In the last few years, various new self-expanding nitinol valved stents for transapical implantation in the beating heart have been developed.Different design iterations were conducted to improve fixation and overall stent performance.The risk of paravalvular leakage was decreased and reproducibility enhanced.This article reviews the major achievements in the development process of our apically fixed mitral valved stent over the last few years, with prototypes that provide secure stent deployment, high reproducibility and low paravalvular leakage rates.