Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Botulinum toxin is becoming a useful therapeutic toll for the treatment of many diseases in several disciplines. Following its application for regional movement disorders, such as blepharospasm, strabismus, and spasmodic torticollis, this agent is now being used for the treatment of certain pain syndromes and in facial cosmetic applications. Despite the proliferation in use, issues involving the pharmocology of materials and bioeffects that are important to this therapy are only partially understood. In this review, some recent published literature on newer applications and significant issues pertinent to this important technology are outlined.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Gary E. Borodic (1999) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: