Multidimensional Frailty and Mortality in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Patients ― Prognostic Value of the Kihon Checklist ―

Figures

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  Central Figure.

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  Figure 1.. Flowchart of the patient selection process. KCL, Kihon Checklist.

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  Figure 2.. Kaplan-Meier curve for all-cause mortality. The Kaplan-Meier survival curves were classified into 3 groups (Non-Frail, Pre-Frail, and Frail) based on the Kihon Checklist (KCL) frailty assessment. The Frail group had a significantly lower survival rate than the other groups (log-rank test: Non-Frail vs. Frail, P<0.001; Pre-Frail vs. Frail, P<0.001).

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  Figure 3.. Association between the Kihon Checklist (KCL) subdomain impairments and all-cause mortality. Bar graph showing post-discharge all-cause mortality rates stratified by impairment status in each KCL subdomain. Red bars indicate patients with impairments, while green bars indicate those without. Significantly higher mortality rates were observed in the patients with impairments in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL; 20.9% vs. 11.9%), physical function (23.5% vs. 13.7%), nutrition (32.2% vs. 17.6%), and socialization (32.6% vs. 14.9%; all P<0.05). No significant differences were found for oral function, memory, or mood domains. *P<0.05.

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  Figure 4.. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis of the Kihon Checklist (KCL) subdomains and post-discharge mortality. This decision tree, generated using CART analysis, illustrates the hierarchical structure of all-cause mortality risk based on impairments in the KCL subdomains. Socialization was identified as the primary node variable, as patients with socialization impairment had a mortality rate of 32.6% compared with 14.9% in those without. Among the patients without socialization impairment, the subsequent nodes were based on physical function and mood, with mortality rates of 12.1% and 9.0% in the respective non-impaired groups, and 19.5% and 14.6% in the impaired groups.