Key result
Fluid shear stress profoundly influences endothelial phenotype by regulating flow-sensitive proteins and gene expression.
Fluid shear stress is a key biomechanical modulator of endothelial gene expression and phenotype, playing a mechanistic role in vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis.
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Supports shear stress assessment in vascular models; leaves open targeted therapies pending clinical validation.
Vascular endothelium, the cellular monolayer lining the entire cardiovascular system, is exposed to a variety of biochemical and biomechanical stimuli. Fluid shear stresses generated by blood flow in the vasculature can profoundly influence the phenotype of the endothelium by regulating the activity of certain flow-sensitive proteins (for example, enzymes), as well as by modulating gene expression. The finding that specific fluid mechanical forces can alter endothelial structure and function has provided a framework for a mechanistic understanding of flow-dependent processes, ranging from vascular remodeling in response to hemodynamic changes, to the initiation and localization of chronic vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.
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Topper et al. (1999) conducted a review in Vascular remodeling and atherosclerosis. Fluid shear stress was evaluated on Endothelial phenotype and gene expression. Fluid shear stress generated by blood flow profoundly influences endothelial phenotype by regulating flow-sensitive proteins and modulating gene expression.
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