Disruption of Central Antioxidant Property of Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Worsens Circulatory Homeostasis with Baroreflex Dysfunction in Heart Failure

Figures

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  Figure 1. Mean arterial pressure of heart failure treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of vehicle (HF-VEH), or with ICV infusion of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (HF-ARB), or with ICV infusion of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone (HF-tBHQ), or sham treated with ICV infusion of VEH, or with ICV infusion of ARB, or with ICV infusion of tBHQ. All data are shown in dot plot and mean ± standard deviation. n = 5 for each group.

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  Figure 2. Heart rate of heart failure treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of vehicle (HF-VEH), or with ICV infusion of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (HF-ARB), or with ICV infusion of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone (HF-tBHQ), or sham treated with ICV infusion of VEH, or with ICV infusion of ARB, or with ICV infusion of tBHQ. n = 5 for each group. All data are shown in dot plot and mean ± standard deviation. * p < 0.05 vs. HF-VEH in HF-ARB and HF-tBHQ. Bpm = beats per minute.

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  Figure 3. Left atrial pressure of heart failure treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of vehicle (HF-VEH), or with ICV infusion of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (HF-ARB), or with ICV infusion of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone (HF-tBHQ), or sham treated with ICV infusion of VEH, or with ICV infusion of ARB, or with ICV infusion of tBHQ. n = 5 for each group. All data are shown in dot plot and mean ± standard deviation. * p < 0.05 vs. HF-VEH in HF-ARB and HF-tBHQ. + p < 0.05 vs. HF-ARB in HF-tBHQ.

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  Figure 4. Low frequency component of the systolic arterial pressure variability of heart failure treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of vehicle (HF-VEH), or with ICV imfusion of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (HF-ARB), or with ICV infusion of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone (HF-tBHQ), or sham treated with ICV infusion of VEH, or with ICV infusion of ARB, or with ICV infusion of tBHQ. n = 5 for each group. All data are shown in dot plot and mean ± standard deviation. * p < 0.05 vs. HF-VEH in HF-ARB and HF-tBHQ. + p < 0.05 vs. HF-ARB in HF-tBHQ.

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  Figure 5. Baroreflex sensitivity of heart failure treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of vehicle (HF-VEH), or with ICV infusion of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (HF-ARB), or with ICV infusion of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone (HF-tBHQ), or sham treated with ICV infusion of VEH, or with ICV infusion of ARB, or with ICV infusion of tBHQ. n = 5 for each group. All data are shown in dot plot and mean ± standard deviation. * p < 0.05 vs. HF-VEH in HF-ARB and HF-tBHQ. + p < 0.05 vs. HF-ARB in HF-tBHQ.

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  Figure 6. The amount of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of heart failure treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of vehicle (HF-VEH), or with ICV infusion of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (HF-ARB), or with ICV infusion of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone (HF-tBHQ), or sham treated with ICV infusion of VEH, or with ICV infusion of ARB, or with ICV infusion of tBHQ. n = 5 for each group. All data are shown in dot plot and mean ± standard deviation. * p < 0.05 vs. HF-VEH in HF-ARB and HF-tBHQ. + p < 0.05 vs. HF-ARB in HF-tBHQ.

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  Figure 7. Infused volume at left atrial pressure to 14–16 mmHg of heart failure treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of vehicle (HF-VEH), or with ICV infusion of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (HF-ARB), or with ICV infusion of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activator, tert-butylhydroquinone (HF-tBHQ), or sham treated with ICV infusion of VEH, or with ICV infusion of ARB, or with ICV infusion of tBHQ. n = 5 for each group. All data are shown in dot plot and mean ± standard deviation. * p < 0.05 vs. HF-VEH in HF-ARB and HF-tBHQ. + p < 0.05 vs. HF-ARB in HF-tBHQ.

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  Figure 8. The schema of the concept demonstrated in the present study. + arrow; activation, – dashed arrow; inhibition, AT1; angiotensin II type 1, ROS; reactive oxygen species, Nrf2; nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2.