What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Case-Control. Population: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (n=75). Intervention: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus vs. Healthy subjects. Primary outcome: Low-frequency (LF) power amplitude during reactive hyperemia (p=<0.05).

What does this research mean for the field?

During reactive hyperemia, diabetic patients exhibit altered temporal dynamics of autonomic activity, characterized by a reduced response amplitude and a faster reactive response, which could serve as an early marker of autonomic dysfunction. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess variations in cardiovascular autonomic modulation during reactive hyperemia in type 2 diabetes patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.

September 14, 2026Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

T2D patients exhibit ~74% lower LF power amplitude during reactive hyperemia versus healthy controls.

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Type 2 diabetes patients, especially those with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, exhibited a significantly reduced amplitude and faster latency of low-frequency power during reactive hyperemia compared to healthy controls.

Q: What does this research mean for the field?

During reactive hyperemia, diabetic patients exhibit altered temporal dynamics of autonomic activity, characterized by a reduced response amplitude and a faster reactive response, which could serve as an early marker of autonomic dysfunction. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Q: What question did this study set out to answer?

To assess variations in cardiovascular autonomic modulation during reactive hyperemia in type 2 diabetes patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Why the study?

Variations in cardiovascular autonomic modulation during reactive hyperemia in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy were not well characterized.

Does the reactive hyperemia test reveal altered autonomic cardiovascular modulation in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy compared to healthy subjects?

Population

35 T2DM patients without macrovascular complications and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects

Comparison

Diabetic patients with CAN vs diabetic patients without CAN vs healthy controls

Design

Cross-sectional study with heart rate variability and sympathetic skin response analysis

Key result

Type 2 diabetes patients, especially those with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, exhibited a significantly reduced amplitude and faster latency of low-frequency power during reactive hyperemia compared to healthy controls.

Authors

ELErislandis López-Galán APArquímedes Montoya Pedrón RBRafael Barrio-Deler

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

May indicate altered autonomic responses during hyperemia in T2DM with CAN; leaves open clinical relevance pending prospective studies.

Key Points

To assess variations in cardiovascular autonomic modulation during reactive hyperemia in type 2 diabetes patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
Assessed 35 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without macrovascular complications and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
Performed electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography recordings at rest and during a reactive hyperemia test consisting of a 5-minute arterial occlusion followed by release.
Analyzed autonomic nervous system function using time-frequency heart rate variability methods and sympathetic skin response testing.
Healthy controls exhibited an increase in low-frequency power following release with a mean latency of 339.64 ± 53.86 ms and an amplitude of 3467.41 ± 2333.68 ms².
Diabetic patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy demonstrated faster but diminished responses, with a latency of 300.00 ± 20.22 ms and amplitude of 907.15 ± 2688.0 ms².
Diabetic patients without neuropathy showed a similar latency of 300.06 ± 37.64 ms but the lowest overall amplitude at 505.73 ± 489.37 ms².

Study Design

Type

Case-Control (n=75)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Does the reactive hyperemia test reveal altered autonomic cardiovascular modulation in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy compared to healthy subjects?

Population

75 participants, including 35 patients with type 2 diabetes without macrovascular complications and 40 healthy controls, evaluated for autonomic cardiovascular changes during reactive hyperemia.

Exposure

Reactive hyperemia test (5-min arterial occlusion followed by release)

Comparator

Healthy subjects (control group)

Outcome

Variations in cardiovascular autonomic modulation assessed by heart rate variability analysis (time-frequency methods) and sympathetic skin responsesurrogate

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 907.15% vs 3467.41%

p-value: p=<0.05

The reactive hyperemia test demonstrates altered temporal dynamics of autonomic activity in diabetic patients, which may serve as an early marker of autonomic dysfunction.

Limitations

Small sample size of diabetic patients
Lack of inclusion of diabetic patients in more advanced stages of the disease
Considerable inter-individual variability in the LF power response to reactive hyperemia

Cite This Study

López-Galán et al. (2026) conducted a case-control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (n=75). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus vs. Healthy subjects was evaluated on Low-frequency (LF) power amplitude during reactive hyperemia (p=<0.05). Type 2 diabetes patients, especially those with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, exhibited a significantly reduced amplitude and faster latency of low-frequency power during reactive hyperemia compared to healthy controls.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7afef79e9260bc85aac92 https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70091

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

September 14, 2026Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging

T2D patients exhibit ~74% lower LF power amplitude during reactive hyperemia versus healthy controls.

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Why the study?

Variations in cardiovascular autonomic modulation during reactive hyperemia in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy were not well characterized.

Does the reactive hyperemia test reveal altered autonomic cardiovascular modulation in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy compared to healthy subjects?

Population

35 T2DM patients without macrovascular complications and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects

Comparison

Diabetic patients with CAN vs diabetic patients without CAN vs healthy controls

Design

Cross-sectional study with heart rate variability and sympathetic skin response analysis

Key result

Authors

ELErislandis López-Galán APArquímedes Montoya Pedrón RBRafael Barrio-Deler

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

May indicate altered autonomic responses during hyperemia in T2DM with CAN; leaves open clinical relevance pending prospective studies.

Key Points

To assess variations in cardiovascular autonomic modulation during reactive hyperemia in type 2 diabetes patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy.
Assessed 35 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without macrovascular complications and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy controls.
Performed electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography recordings at rest and during a reactive hyperemia test consisting of a 5-minute arterial occlusion followed by release.
Analyzed autonomic nervous system function using time-frequency heart rate variability methods and sympathetic skin response testing.
Healthy controls exhibited an increase in low-frequency power following release with a mean latency of 339.64 ± 53.86 ms and an amplitude of 3467.41 ± 2333.68 ms².
Diabetic patients with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy demonstrated faster but diminished responses, with a latency of 300.00 ± 20.22 ms and amplitude of 907.15 ± 2688.0 ms².
Diabetic patients without neuropathy showed a similar latency of 300.06 ± 37.64 ms but the lowest overall amplitude at 505.73 ± 489.37 ms².

Study Design

Type

Case-Control (n=75)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Does the reactive hyperemia test reveal altered autonomic cardiovascular modulation in diabetic patients with and without cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy compared to healthy subjects?

Population

75 participants, including 35 patients with type 2 diabetes without macrovascular complications and 40 healthy controls, evaluated for autonomic cardiovascular changes during reactive hyperemia.

Exposure

Reactive hyperemia test (5-min arterial occlusion followed by release)

Comparator

Healthy subjects (control group)

Outcome

Variations in cardiovascular autonomic modulation assessed by heart rate variability analysis (time-frequency methods) and sympathetic skin responsesurrogate

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 907.15% vs 3467.41%

p-value: p=<0.05

The reactive hyperemia test demonstrates altered temporal dynamics of autonomic activity in diabetic patients, which may serve as an early marker of autonomic dysfunction.

Limitations

Small sample size of diabetic patients
Lack of inclusion of diabetic patients in more advanced stages of the disease
Considerable inter-individual variability in the LF power response to reactive hyperemia

Cite This Study

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa7afef79e9260bc85aac92 https://doi.org/10.1111/cpf.70091

Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark