Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Conceptual analysis uncovers mechanisms of desynchronized fan retaliation in VTuber communities, highlighting how parasocial identification drives proxy punishment against performer wishes.
VTuber fandom highlights a striking paradox of parasocial identification: why do supporters who strongly identify with a performer sometimes act against the expressed wishes of the very performer they are trying to protect? Parasocial Proxy Punishment Mode (PPPM) is a conceptual framework for understanding this communication problem. It examines how supporters may continue to punish a third party "for the performer" even when the performer has explicitly asked for de-escalation. The paper focuses on desynchronization—the structural divergence between the performer's expressed de-escalation message and the supporter's proxy punitive action. It develops: two activation pathways: Direct Proxy Punishment and Interpretive Proxy Punishment; a distinction between PPPM and Self-Reactive attacks driven primarily by the supporter's own anger; explicit boundary conditions for determining when PPPM is and is not present; Punitive Drift, a later-stage transformation in which punishment expands beyond the original grievance; implications for parasocial communication and directions for future empirical research. VTubers and other avatar-mediated performers are the primary domain of analysis, but the framework is intended to apply more broadly to other fandoms and mediated communities with comparable structures. This is a preprint and has not yet undergone peer review. This manuscript was prepared with AI assistance.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
TekitouQ (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 8 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: