Key result
FMDV serotype O comprises ~79% of seropositive cattle amid widespread co-circulation of other strains.
Why the study?
The circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes, their prevalence, and spatial distribution among sedentary and pastoral cattle herds in North-Central Nigeria were not well characterized.
Cross-Sectional (n=155)
Yes
The study demonstrates diffuse and co-circulation of multiple FMDV serotypes in North-Central Nigeria, highlighting the need for appropriately matched multivalent vaccines.
Serotype mapping in Nigerian cattle supports targeted surveillance; leaves open vaccine matching and control efficacy in pastoral systems.
AIM: This study aimed to determine the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes circulating, the prevalence of FMDV serotypes, and the spatial distribution of FMDV among sedentary and pastoral cattle herds in the North-Central Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken, during which a total of 155 sera that tested positive for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) 3ABC non-structural protein antibodies were selected and screened for FMD structural protein serotypes, A, O, SAT 1, and SAT 2 using a solid-phase competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Epithelial tissue specimens were collected during outbreak investigations which were tested for FMD using an antigen capture ELISA for serotype A, O, SAT 1, and SAT 2. RESULTS: An overall serotype-specific prevalence of 79.35 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.4-85.18) was recorded for serotype O, 65.2% (95% CI: 57.41-72.3) for serotype A, 52.9% (95% CI: 45.03-60.67) for SAT 2, and 33.55% (95% CI: 26.45-41.26) for SAT 1. Evidence of exposure to multiple FMDV serotypes showed that 12.26% of the sera samples had antibodies against four serotypes circulating, 30.97% had antibodies against three serotypes circulating, 22.58% had antibodies against two serotypes, and 17% showed exposure to only one serotype. Clinical specimens (epithelial tissue) collected during outbreak investigations showed that serotype O has the highest proportion of 50% with serotype A - 25%; SAT 2 - 20.8%; and SAT 1 - 4.1%. CONCLUSION: The study detected diffuse and co-circulation of serotypes A, O, SAT 1, and SAT 2 within the study area, and hence the need for the appropriately matched multivalent vaccine is strongly advocated for FMD control in Nigeria.
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Wungak et al. (2017) conducted a cross-sectional in Foot-and-mouth disease (n=155). Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes was evaluated on Prevalence of FMDV serotype O (95% CI 72.4-85.18). Foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype O was the most prevalent (79.35%) among seropositive cattle in North Central Nigeria, with widespread co-circulation of serotypes A, SAT 1, and SAT 2.
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