Key result
Calcium antagonists exhibit highly heterogeneous cardiovascular and renal physiological effects.
Why the study?
Calcium antagonists exhibit extreme structural, chemical, and pharmacological heterogeneity, but clinical discussions often treat them as physiologically similar despite differing cardiovascular and renal effects.
Comparison
Different calcium antagonists including nimodipine, verapamil, nifedipine, diltiazem, nitrendipine, and clindiazem
Design
Review of pharmacological and clinical effects
Authors
Loading...
May guide calcium antagonist subclass selection in hypertension; leaves open whether differences affect clinical outcomes.
Calcium antagonists exhibit significant pharmacological and physiological heterogeneity, particularly in their cardiovascular and renal effects, distinguishing them from other antihypertensive classes.
Edward D. Fröhlich (1991) conducted a review in Hypertension. Calcium antagonists was evaluated. Calcium antagonists are a highly heterogeneous class of antihypertensive agents with distinct cardiovascular and renal physiological effects.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: