Key result
Chronic myeloid leukemia links to a ~33% pericardial effusion rate despite imatinib treatment versus healthy controls.
Why the study?
Cardiac abnormalities are associated with CML irrespective of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, prompting evaluation of the prevalence and patterns of cardiac dysfunction in this population.
Does imatinib treatment or CML itself affect echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters compared to healthy controls?
Cross-Sectional (n=210)
Does imatinib treatment or CML itself affect echocardiographic and electrocardiographic parameters compared to healthy controls?
Absolute Event Rate: 32.86% vs 0%
p-value: p=<0.001
Cardiac abnormalities, including pericardial effusion and pulmonary hypertension, are significantly more prevalent in CML patients regardless of imatinib treatment compared to healthy controls.
PURPOSE: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is one of the common hematological malignancies in Nigeria. Cardiac abnormalities are associated with CML irrespective of treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, which is available gratis in Nigeria. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and patterns of cardiac dysfunction among patients with CML irrespective of treatment with imatinib using transthoracic echocardiography, and 12-lead surface electrocardiography. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CML patients without Imatinib, CML patients with imatinib, and apparently healthy (age- and sex-matched) controls were 70 each in the study. Various echocardiographic parameters were measured and data obtained were analyzed, and the level of significance was taken as p < 0.05. RESULTS: Of 70 CML patients with imatinib, 54.3% were men and 45.7% were women, while the CML group without imatinib had 62.9% men and 37.1% women, non-CML control had 54.3% men and 45.7% women. The average hematocrit was significantly lower in the CML group without Imatinib compared with the other groups (p<0.001). And, 12.9% and 17.1% of CML groups with and without imatinib had LVH, respectively, and none of the non-CML controls had LVH (P<0.041). Impaired left ventricular relaxation in 25.71% and 28.57% of CML patients with and without imatinib respectively but only 8.57% of the non-CML control had impaired left ventricular relaxation (p=0.236). Mitral valve regurgitation was the most frequent valvular abnormality across the groups. Pulmonary hypertension in 17.4% and 20% of CML patients with and without imatinib, respectively, but none of the non-CML controls had pulmonary hypertension (p<0.001). Pericardial effusion in 32.86% and 45.71% of CML patients with and without imatinib, respectively, but none of the non-CML controls had pericardial effusion (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the QTC interval across the three groups. CONCLUSION: Cardiac abnormalities are present in CML patients with or without Imatinib treatment, with significant prevalence than what is seen in the non-CML control group.
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A 2022 study conducted a cross-sectional in Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) (n=210). Chronic myeloid leukemia (with or without imatinib) vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Pericardial effusion (p=<0.001). Chronic myeloid leukemia patients, both with and without imatinib treatment, had significantly higher rates of pericardial effusion (32.86% and 45.71% vs 0%; p<0.001) compared to healthy controls.
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