Preoperative Guidelines for Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Health Education and Anxiety Management: Scoping Review

Introduction: Patients in the preoperative period for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) frequently experience significant anxiety and depression, in addition to the physical symptoms necessitating the procedure. Preoperative health education is a crucial intervention to enhance patient knowledge, manage this psychological distress, and improve preparedness for the surgical process. Objective: This scoping review aims to map the guidelines and strategies used for patient health education and anxiety management in the preoperative period for CABG. Method: A scoping review was conducted in March 2024, adhering to the JBI framework. Thirteen databases were searched with no temporal or linguistic restrictions. Eligibility criteria were limited to open-access studies focused on preoperative interventions for CABG. The findings were analyzed and synthesized descriptively. Results: The final selection included 12 studies. Key educational guidelines identified focused on surgical planning, detailed explanations of the procedure, familiarization with medical devices (e.g., drains and monitors), and postoperative care instructions. The reviewed literature consistently demonstrated that these educational interventions are effective in managing patient anxiety and are associated with a reduction in postoperative complications. Conclusion: This review provides key guidelines for preoperative education to help clinicians reduce patient anxiety and improve surgical outcomes for those undergoing CABG.