Nanostructured anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been obtained using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In order to arrive at a fractal-type morphology, two different titanium precursors were injected simultaneously into a cold-wall CVD system. With this method, a wide variety of morphologies can be obtained. For solar light harvesting, the structures of trees, bushes, and grasses appear to be good choices. Small variations in deposition parameters have a dramatic effect on the structure of the deposits, which allows adequate optimization of nanostructures by gas-phase synthesis techniques.
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Goossens et al. (1998) studied this question.
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