Cardiac arrhythmia detection using cross‐sample entropy measure based on short and long RR interval series

Figures

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  FIGURE 1. Block diagram representation.

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  FIGURE 2. SampEn of different subjects as a function of threshold, r. By increasing the value of threshold, SampEn reduces and reaches the nearest zero. The threshold value, r is chosen as 0.2 because this threshold provides the best discrimination among NSR, CHF and AF.

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  FIGURE 3. (A) CrossSampEn (two same series simulated data) and SampEn analysis with respect to data length. It has been found that CrossSampEn is more consistent than SampEn. The CrossSampEn is stabilized for the data length 10 and above, more stabilized for the data length 1000 and above, whereas SampEn is stabilized for the data length 500 to 4000 and more stabilized for the data length 4000 and above. (B) CrossSampEn analysis of NSR‐CHF group and NSR‐AF group (two real data different series) for different data lengths. Blue bars represent NSR‐CHF group and orange bars represent NSR‐AF group. The figure shows that the best discrimination between NSR‐CHF group and NSR‐AF group has been found for the data length 1500 and above with good consistency.

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  FIGURE 4. CrossSampEn analysis of NSR records with AF record, mgh019 and CHF record, chf203 record. It has been shown here that good consistency has been achieved by CrossSampEn for data length 1500 and above. CrossSampEn provided no ‘not defined’ value for any data length,

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  FIGURE 5. Quantification among different groups (NSR, CHF, and AF) with CrossSampEn. One‐way ANOVA test has made this comparison by providing very significant p value (<.0001) and large F value. 10 records of NSR, 10 records of AF and 10 records of CHF are compared with each other to get irregularity of one RR interval series to other.

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  FIGURE 6. (A) Quantification among different groups (Fantasia, CHF, and AF) with CrossSampEn. One‐way ANOVA test has made this comparison by providing very significant p value (<.0001) and large F value. 10 records of Fantasia, 10 records of AF and 10 records of CHF are compared with each other to get irregularity of one RR interval series to other. (B) Quantification among different groups (NSR, CHF, AF) with SampEn. One‐way ANOVA test provides a very significant value of p (<.0001) and large F value for the comparison of NSR, CHF, and AF groups. It has been shown by comparing three groups that all are distinguished from each other.