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December 18, 2024BloodOpen Access

Oral inflammation and microbiome dysbiosis exacerbate chronic graft-versus-host disease

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Authors

YKYui KambaraAYAkira YamamotoKGKazuyoshi Gotoh

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Overview

Translational study reveals that oral dysbiosis exacerbates chronic graft-versus-host disease in transplant recipients, suggesting targeted oral microbiome interventions can mitigate disease.

Key Points

  • To determine whether oral inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis promote the pathogenesis of chronic graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic cell transplantation.
  • Assessed the association between post-transplant mucositis-induced oral dysbiosis and chronic graft-versus-host disease in hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients, including those treated with posttransplant cyclophosphamide.
  • Induced oral dysbiosis in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation mouse models via bilateral molar ligatures.
  • Profiled bacterial translocation to cervical lymph nodes and gut tissue, monitored antigen-presenting cell activation and donor T-cell expansion, and evaluated oral microbiome interventions.
  • Mucositis-induced oral dysbiosis in transplant patients was associated with significantly increased development of chronic graft-versus-host disease.
  • Ligature-induced oral dysbiosis in mice expanded Enterococcaceae in the mouth and gut, driving bacterial migration to cervical lymph nodes, activating antigen-presenting cells, and stimulating donor-derived inflammatory T cells.
  • Interventions targeting the oral microbiome reduced bacterial translocation and mitigated the severity of chronic graft-versus-host disease in mice.

Cite This Study

Kambara et al. (2024) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa9e6dff830d21e1935dcd4https://doi.org/10.1182/blood.2024024540
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