Key result
Lowest socio-economic status linked to ~26-fold higher odds of having a child with CHD.
Why the study?
Because the etiology of congenital heart diseases is multifactorial, identifying risk and preventive factors is important to provide a basis for prevention, control, and management.
What are the risk and protective factors associated with having a child with congenital heart diseases?
Case-Control (n=600)
No
What are the risk and protective factors associated with having a child with congenital heart diseases?
Odds Ratio: 25.5 (95% CI 2.1–30.3)
p-value: p=0.01
Maternal lifestyle factors, socioeconomic status, and prenatal care (including folic acid supplementation) significantly influence the risk of having a child with congenital heart disease.
May inform preconception counseling; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective confirmation before practice change.
Background: The heart is the first fully developed organ in early pregnancy, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, so any factor that contributes to heart failure is life-threatening. Thus, it is important to identify the risk and preventive factors related to this disease and to provide a scientific basis for the control, prevention, management and treatment of Child with Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD). Objectives: As the etiology of CHD is multifactorial, to identify the risk and preventive factors, this study aimed to investigate the factors related to CHD in Tehran, Iran. Methods: The present case-control study was performed on 600 people including 200 mothers of children with CHD. Simple random sampling was performed in 2020. The control group was matched with the case group, and the data were analyzed by SPSS software at a significance level of 0.5. Results: The results showed that low socioeconomic status, low education, history of abortion, smoking, alcohol consumption are risk factors, and consumption of folic acid, and prenatal care are the protective factors against CHD. Conclusion: According to the findings, our emphasis should be on preventive strategies, education of mothers and public health experts on the need for folic acid and pregnancy care, and cessation or reduction of alcohol and tobacco use, especially in families with low socioeconomic status and low level of education.
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Amini‐Rarani et al. (2023) conducted a case-control in Congenital heart diseases (CHD) (n=600). Lowest socio-economic status vs. Highest socio-economic status was evaluated on Having a child with congenital heart disease (CHD) (OR 25.5, 95% CI 2.1-30.3, p=0.01). Lowest socio-economic status was the leading risk factor for having a child with congenital heart disease, increasing the odds by 25.5 times compared to the highest socio-economic status.
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