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September 17, 2026Journal of Personalized MedicineOpen Access

Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Are Not Associated with Increased Risk of Acute Pancreatitis or Pancreatic Complications, Including Pancreatic Cancer, in Type 2 Diabetes: A Global Propensity-Matched Cohort Study

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Authors

YSYan SunBLBenjamin LiuHLHanyou Loh

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Overview

Propensity-matched cohort study finds no increased risk of acute pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer with GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes, indicating their pancreatic safety profile.

Key Points

  • To determine whether initiating GLP-1 receptor agonists increases the risk of acute pancreatitis, pancreatitis-related complications, or pancreatic cancer in adults with type 2 diabetes.
  • Conducted a global propensity score-matched cohort study using the TriNetX electronic health record network (2013–2025) comparing GLP-1 receptor agonist initiators to SGLT2 inhibitor initiators (N=291,152 per cohort).
  • Excluded patients with baseline pancreatic disease and matched cohorts on demographics, clinical indications, and pancreatitis risk factors.
  • Estimated hazards for overall and biliary acute pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic pseudocyst, and pancreatic cancer using Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses.
  • GLP-1 receptor agonist initiation was not associated with an increased risk of overall acute pancreatitis compared with SGLT2 inhibitors (HR 1.095; 95% CI 0.996–1.204).
  • No significant risk increases occurred for pancreatic pseudocyst (HR 0.729; 95% CI 0.525–1.014) or pancreatic cancer (HR 1.069; 95% CI 0.940–1.215).
  • A modest increase in biliary acute pancreatitis appeared in the primary analysis (HR 1.276; 95% CI 1.010–1.612), but the signal was inconsistent across sensitivity analyses.

Cite This Study

Sun et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aabb73d5f706d05830e6157https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm16090478
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Safety of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes2025 · 10 citations
  2. 2772-P: GLP1RA Use and Risk of Pancreatitis and Biliary Disease in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes and Low to Moderate CV Risk2024
  3. 3Cohort Study: Risk of Gallstones and Biliary Complications With Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonists in Type 2 Diabetes2026
  4. 4Risk of all–cause death and pancreatic events following GLP-1 RA initiation in people with obesity or type 2 diabetes: observations from a federated research network2025
  5. 5Evaluating the Rates of Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer Among <scp>GLP</scp>‐1 Receptor Agonists: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials2025 · 28 citations