Percutaneous coronary intervention increases microvascular resistance in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome

AIMS: In the acute coronary syndrome setting, the interaction between epicardial coronary artery stenosis and microcirculation subtended by the culprit vessel is poorly understood. The purpose of the present study was to assess the immediate impact of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on microvascular resistance (MR) in patients with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients undergoing PCI for NSTEMI were recruited consecutively. Culprit lesions were stented over a Doppler and pressure-sensor-equipped guidewire. In the presence of epicardial stenosis, MR was calculated by taking collateral flow, as measured by the coronary wedge pressure, into consideration. After removal of epicardial stenosis, MR was calculated simply as distal coronary pressure divided by average peak velocity. When collateral flow was incorporated into the calculation, MR increased significantly from 1.70 ± 0.76 to 2.05 ± 0.72 (p=0.001) after PCI in the whole population. Periprocedural changes (Δ) in absolute values of MR and troponin T correlated significantly (r=0.629, p=0.0001). In patients who developed periprocedural myocardial infarction, MR increased significantly after PCI (1.48 ± 0.73 versus 2.28 ± 0.71, p<0.001). Nevertheless, removal of the epicardial lesion did not change MR in patients without periprocedural MI (1.91±0.73 versus 1.81±0.67, p=0.1). CONCLUSIONS: When collateral flow is accounted for, removal of epicardial stenosis increases MR in patients with NSTEMI undergoing PCI.