Neonatal thrombosis: causes, pathogenesis, treatment features

Neonatal thrombosis occurs in 2.4–7% of newborns, more than half of them are premature. The syndrome is characterized by limb edema, pain syndrome, hyperthermia of the extremities, abdominal effusion, hematuria and other symptoms. Both the physiological characteristics of the hemostasis system of the newborn, and the state of health of the mother and external factors are considered the causes of neonatal thrombosis. For the moment thrombolytic therapy, heparins and, in critical cases, thrombectomy are used to treat neonatal thrombosis. Particular attention is paid to drugs which have a positive effect in the treatment of adults, such as dabigatran, danaparoid, hirudin, argatroban, apixaban, rivaroxaban and sodium fondaparinux. Development of convenient forms of anticoagulants, determination of age- and weight-dependent doses, study of the effect of thrombolytic drugs used in adult practice on the newborn’s body, as well as confirmation of the effectiveness of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator – these are the questions that need to be resolved to reduce the risk of developing neonatal blood clots and their severe consequences.