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September 18, 2026Interdisciplinary CardioVascular and Thoracic SurgeryOpen Access

Readmission after coronary artery bypass surgery in women and men

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Why the study?

Does female sex increase long-term cardiovascular and all-cause readmission in patients undergoing CABG?

Population

12,169 patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting between 2015 and 2021 from the Austrian Cardiac…

Comparison

Female sex vs Male sex

Design

Cohort

Follow-up

6 years

Key result

Female sex was not independently associated with cardiovascular readmission after CABG compared to male sex (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.94-1.10; P=0.73), despite higher unadjusted rates.

Authors

MAMelanie ArnreiterAKAlexandra KaiderPAPhilipp Angleitner

Discussion

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Overview

Female sex is not independently associated with post-CABG readmission; leaves open whether comorbidities drive unadjusted differences in observational data.

Key Points

  • To evaluate long-term sex-specific rates, patterns, and independent predictors of cardiovascular and all-cause hospital readmission following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).
  • Nationwide cohort study linking the Austrian Cardiac Surgery Registry (2015–2021) with federal social insurance claims data (N=12,169; 2,192 [18%] women).
  • Cumulative incidence functions accounting for the competing risk of death and multivariable cause-specific Cox proportional hazards models evaluated outcomes through 6 years of follow-up.
  • Unadjusted cardiovascular readmission was higher in women at 1 year (19.1% vs. 17.3%), 4 years (37.8% vs. 34.9%), and 6 years (46.9% vs. 43.4%; p=0.003), as was all-cause readmission (6-year: 79.1% vs. 75.9%; p=0.0004).
  • Female sex was not independently associated with cardiovascular readmission (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.94–1.10, p=0.73) or all-cause readmission (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.94–1.05, p=0.74).
  • Earlier post-CABG readmission correlated with earlier cardiovascular mortality (ρ = 0.36, 95% CI 0.28–0.44) and earlier all-cause mortality (ρ = 0.39, 95% CI 0.34–0.43).

Study Design

Type

Cohort (n=12,169)

Multicenter

Yes

Structured PICO

Does female sex increase long-term cardiovascular and all-cause readmission in patients undergoing CABG?

P
Population
12,169 patients (18% women) undergoing CABG in Austria between 2015 and 2021, followed for up to 6 years to assess cardiovascular and all-cause readmission.
E
Exposure
Female sex
C
Comparator
Male sex
O
Outcome
Long-term cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause readmissionhard clinical

Main Result

Hazard Ratio: 1.01 (95% CI 0.94–1.1)

Absolute Event Rate: 46.9% vs 43.4%

p-value: p=0.73

Long-term readmission after CABG is driven primarily by clinical risk rather than biological sex, highlighting the importance of managing high-risk comorbidities.

Cite This Study

Arnreiter et al. (2026) conducted a cohort in Coronary artery disease requiring CABG (n=12,169). Female sex vs. Male sex was evaluated on Cardiovascular readmission (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.94-1.10, p=0.73). Female sex was not independently associated with cardiovascular readmission after CABG compared to male sex (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.94-1.10; P=0.73), despite higher unadjusted rates.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aacf5ed0c46fbdff987dd84https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivag260
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