Exploration of “surduk” phenomenon in the loess of the right bank of the Danube and Titel’s hill based on satellite images and topographical maps in scale 1:25 000

The Loess plateau is a geological formation that originated during the Pleistocene epoch and is prevalent in Vojvodina, Serbia. Loess is a type of sedimentary rock made up of fine siltstones; it exhibits subtle layering, capillary porosity, and vertical collapsing. This formation was created through silt-sized fraction deposition and dust carried by the wind over grassy regions during colder periods. Over time, these deposits were lithified, and a layer of paleosol developed above the loess during warmer climate phases. Up to Slankamen area, the Loess plateau maintains a relatively uniform composition; however, the terrain’s morphology becomes much more complex beyond this point in a westward direction. Through analysing satellite imagery, topographic maps, and GIS methods, we have identified specific phenomenon referred to as “surduk” that disrupt the plateau’s coastal uniformity, posing potential ecological risks. This ongoing research highlights the need for systematic monitoring of the current environmental conditions in the loess areas in Vojvodina.