Scientific Abstracts

Background Nationwide epidemiologic surveys of Kawasaki disease (KD) have been conducted in Japan since 1970.These surveys have revealed trends in the number of patients, incidence rates, and seasonal and geographic patterns of KD as well as treatments for KD and coronary artery lesions.This presentation describes the epidemiologic characteristics of KD in Japan during the last 4 years (2007)(2008)(2009)(2010).Methods The 20th and 21st surveys included patients with KD who visited hospitals during 2007-2008 and 2009-2010, respectively.A questionnaire and diagnostic guidelines (5th revised edition) were sent to all pediatric hospitals and all general hospitals with both a pediatric department and 100 or more beds in Japan. ResultsThe number of patients with KD in the 20th and 21st surveys was 23,337 and 23,730, respectively, and of these patients, 79% met the diagnostic guideline criteria (5-6 principal signs).The average annual incidence rates for 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 were 216.9 and 222.9, respectively, per 100,000 children aged 0 to 4 years.The rate in 2010 was the highest to date (239.6).Although seasonal change in the number of KD patients was similar across the 4 years observed, incidence in the 2010 population was highest in early spring (March).Geographic areas with high incidences were clustered throughout Japan, except for an area in the Tohoku region.Of the patients treated with initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 82.5% received a 2-g/kg single infusion; however, 16.6% were resistant to this treatment.Coronary artery dilatation, aneurysm, or giant aneurysm occurred in 7.26% of patients with KD; 1.04% and 0.24% within 30 days of illness during 2009-2010, respectively.Seven patients died during the 4-year period. ConclusionsThe incidence rate of KD has increased in Japan during the last 4 years.Although the proportion of patients developing coronary artery lesions has decreased, more than 15% of patients who received initial IVIG did not respond to the treatment.We must identify the principal cause of KD and establish an effective treatment for patients resistant to initial IVIG.O-2 Kawasaki disease surveillance in the United States Ermias D Belay, MD Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Surveillance for Kawasaki disease (KD) in the United States is conducted using several mechanisms.An ongoing passive KD