Enzymes in organic synthesis: recent developments in aldol reactions and glycosylations

Carbohydrates have not been as accessible as other biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids and are the least exploited. As a result of their highly asymmetric and densely functionalized nature, carbohydrates are difficult to synthesize using conventional chemistry. Enzymatic synthesis, however, with its high selectivity and mild reaction conditions is very useful for the preparation of carbohydrates. This review gives a brief overview of recent developments in the application of enzymatic aldol reactions and glycosylations to carbohydrate synthesis.