The correlation between the MRI-evaluated ectopic fat accumulation and the incidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension depends on body mass index and waist circumference ratio

Fig 1. Example of the ectopic fat accumulation measurements in the pancreas, liver and skeletal muscles on the fat-water separated Dixon image in a healthy patient with BMI 21 and normal waist circumference. Measurements visible on the image with fat saturation represent only water signal (calculated mean fat fraction: liver– 2%, pancreas– 4%, muscles– 3%).

Fig 2. Example of the ectopic fat accumulation measurements in the pancreas, liver and skeletal muscles on the fat-water separated Dixon image in a healthy patient with BMI 21 and normal waist circumference. Measurements visible on the image without fat saturation represent the sum of the fat and water signal (calculated mean fat fraction: liver– 2%, pancreas– 4%, muscles– 3%).

Fig 3. Example of the fat accumulation measurements in the liver and skeletal muscles on the fat-water separated Dixon image in a patient with BMI 29 and increased waist circumference, in whom diabetes and hypertension were diagnosed. Measurements visible on the image with fat saturation represent only water signal (calculated mean fat fraction: liver– 21%, pancreas– 13%, muscles– 11%).

Fig 4. Example of the ectopic fat accumulation measurements in the liver and skeletal muscles on the fat-water separated Dixon image in a patient with BMI 29 and increased waist circumference, in whom diabetes and hypertension were diagnosed. Measurements visible on the image without fat saturation represent the sum of the fat and water signal (calculated mean fat fraction: liver– 21%, pancreas– 13%, muscles– 11%).

Fig 5. Color-coded T2 fat signal fraction map depicts areas of fat accumulation on the example of a healthy patient with BMI 21 where the dark blue color corresponds to the lowest fat content and the red to the highest fat content (calculated mean fat fraction: Liver– 2%, pancreas– 4%, muscles– 3%).

Fig 6. Color-coded T2 fat signal fraction map depicts areas of fat accumulation on the example of a patient with BMI 29 who was diagnosed with diabetes and hypertension where the dark blue color corresponds to the lowest fat content and the red to the highest fat content (calculated mean fat fraction: Liver– 21%, pancreas– 13%, muscles– 11%).

Fig 7. The average fat accumulation in pancreas, skeletal muscles and liver in the group of patients with type 2 diabetes (DM).

Fig 8. The average fat accumulation in pancreas, skeletal muscles and liver in the group of patients with hypertension (HT).

Fig 9. The differences between average fat accumulation in pancreas, skeletal muscles and liver between the group of patients with both diabetes and hypertension (DM and HT) and patients with either diabetes or hypertension (DM or HT group).

Fig 10. The differences between average fat accumulation in pancreas, skeletal muscles and liver between the group of patients with both diabetes and hypertension (DM and HT) and patients with no diabetes and no hypertension (None group).