Key result
Illiteracy linked to ~689% higher anxiety in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and HF.
Why the study?
Anxiety and depression are common but often unrecognized and untreated in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure in developing countries, necessitating identification of associated factors for early screening and management.
Cross-Sectional (n=384)
No
Odds Ratio: 7.89 (95% CI 3.08–20.26)
p-value: p=0.001
Anxiety and depression are prevalent among patients with chronic diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure in Ethiopia, with low education, substance use, and physical inactivity being significant risk factors.
Anxiety affects one-third of Ethiopian patients with hypertension or heart failure; cross-sectional data leaves causal links and screening effects open.
Background. Anxiety and depression are common in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure. However, they are usually unrecognized and untreated especially in developing countries. Identifying factors associated with anxiety and depression is helpful for early screening and management. Objective. This study is aimed at assessing factors associated with anxiety and depression among diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure patients at Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Dessie Referral Hospital from February 22, 2019 to April 6, 2019. A total of 404 diabetic, hypertension, and heart failure patients were included through systematic sampling technique. The data were collected by face-to-face interview. After data collection, the data were cleaned and presented with text, graphs, and tables. Multivariable binary logistic regression was deployed to identify factors at a P value of < 0.05. Result. A total of 384 patients participated with a 94.8% response rate. Among these, 32% and 5.73% of them had anxiety and depression, respectively. Patients who did not read and write develop anxiety 7.89 times more likely compared with those whose educational status is diploma and above (AOR: 7.89; 95% CI: 3.08-20.26; P=0.001 ). Patients who took substances like chat, cigarette, shisha, hashish, and alcohol develop anxiety 2.56 times more likely compared with their counterparts (AOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.05–6.23; P=0.038 ). Patients whose level of physical activity is inactive develop depression 24 times more likely than patients who did a health-enhancing physical activity. Patients who are widowed develop depression 5 times more likely compared with married patients. Conclusion and Recommendations. Low educational level, being single and widowed, substance use, poor perception towards prognosis of illness, and monthly income were factors associated with anxiety. On the other hand, being single and unable to do physical activity were statistically associated with depression. Patients with low educational level and monthly income should be screened and supported for anxiety. Health care providers should provide advice to patients about the importance of physical activity to prevent depression.
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Edmealem et al. (2020) conducted a cross-sectional in Diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure (n=384). Low educational level (inability to read and write) vs. Educational status of diploma and above was evaluated on Anxiety (AOR 7.89, 95% CI 3.08-20.26, p=0.001). Inability to read and write was strongly associated with anxiety among patients with diabetes, hypertension, and heart failure (AOR 7.89; 95% CI 3.08-20.26; P=0.001).
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