A method for achieving a temperature-independent output voltage using a single n-channel device is presented. The underlying theory is presented with the measurement results. The output voltage was measured to have a temperature coefficient of 13 ppm/°C. Three CMOS process technologies were examined and the output voltage reference was found to vary between 1.17 and 1.18 V.
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Manku et al. (1995) studied this question.
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