Application of laser speckle flowgraphy to evaluate cerebral perfusion after carotid endarterectomy

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Intraoperative use of LSFG This device consists of a fundus camera equipped with a diode laser and an ordinary charge-coupled device camera. LSFG enables noncontact quantitative estimation and repeated measurement of ocular perfusion during surgery. LSFG: laser speckle flowgraphy.

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  Fig. 2. MRA of case 2 MRA and carotid angiography shows 75.1% ICA stenosis as per the NASCET. MRA: magnetic resonance angiography, ICA: internal carotid artery, NASCET: North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria.

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  Fig. 3. IMP-SPECT before (a) and after (b) CEA in case 2 Compared with preoperative SPECT, postoperative SPECT (b) shows a 5%–10% increase in the cerebral blood flow in the left MCA territory (a). SPECT: single-photon emission computed tomography, IMP-SPECT: N-isopropyl-p-[123I]-iodoamphetamine SPECT, CEA: carotid endarterectomy, MCA: middle cerebral artery.

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  Fig. 4. The changes in MBR at T2 (a), T3 (b), T4 (c), T6 (d), and T7 (e) in case 2 MBR shows decreased ocular blood flow due to carotid artery clamping (b: T3) and increased ocular blood flow due to reperfusion (c: T4, d: T6 and e: T7) compared with baseline (a: T2). MBR: mean blur rate.

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  Fig. 5. Changes in MBR, systolic arterial blood pressure, and rSO2 measured using NIRS. The MBR and rSO2 measured using NIRS of T2 (baseline) was set as 100 and the percentage increase was expressed for each time. MBR: mean blur rate, rSO2: regional cerebral saturation of oxygen, NIRS: near-infrared spectroscopy.