Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Women With Obstructive Coronary Disease Requiring Revascularization: A Meta-analysis

Introduction Cardiovascular disease continues to be the first cause of premature mortality in women, who have been previously overlooked in clinical trials. Several studies showed that women undergoing coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) present more cardiovascular risk factors at baseline, develop more post-procedural complications and have higher mortality than men. The goal of this review is to analyze the difference between men and women in terms of the prevalence of individual cardiovascular risk factors. Methods A meta-analysis of original investigations with adult subject who underwent surgical or percutaneous coronary interventions in which cardiovascular risk factors were evaluated and was conducted using Medline, Cochrane, EBM review, Ovid Embase, Google Scholar and PubMed databases. Results Of the 4567 identified records found, 18 were retained for qualitative analysis. Prevalence of hypertension (CABG: 71% (64%, 78%); PCI:(59% (48%,70%)) and diabetes (CABG: 48% (38%,57%); PCI 43% (27%, 59%)) was high in women. Women who underwent either CABG and PCI had a higher odd of hypertension (CABG: OR (1.92 [1.47-2.50], p<0.05); PCI: (1.86 [1.76-1.97], p<0.05)), and diabetes (CABG: (1.94 [1.55-2.42], p<0.05; PCI: (1.97 [1.54-2.53], p<0.05)). However, the prevalence of smoking compared to men was lower (CABG: (0.17 [0.06-0.52], p<0.05; PCI: (0.22 [0.06-0.86], p<0.03)). Conclusion The studies showed that women who underwent either surgical or percutaneously revascularization had higher odds of hypertension and diabetes compared to men.