The susceptibility of electrodeless quartz crystal BVA resonators to proton ionization effects

The radiation susceptibility of an electrodeless (BVA) quartz crystal resonator of the AT crystalline cut is reported. It is shown that its sensitivity to low and high levels of proton radiation is less than that of an AT resonator with adhered electrodes. The effectiveness of preconditioning techniques is discussed, and an interpretation of the test results in terms of the materials aspects of the quartz electrode interface is given.>