Key result
Heart rate variation accounts for ~56% of 24-hour systolic blood pressure variability.
Why the study?
The existence and characteristics of 12-, 24-, and combined 12- and 24-hour blood pressure patterns in children were not well established.
Observational (n=100)
In healthy children aged 9-12 years, 24-hour blood pressure patterns show no significant differences by race or gender, and heart rate accounts for a substantial portion of systolic blood pressure variation.
Uniform BP rhythm parameters across race and gender in healthy children should not yet guide practice; leaves open HR-BP coupling in disease or larger cohorts.
Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) data were collected over 24 h with an ambulatory BP monitor to (a) determine the existence of 12-, 24-, and combined 12- and 24-h BP patterns in children as previously noted for adults; (b) provide MESOR (an acronym for midline estimating statistics of rhythm), amplitude, and acrophase data for subgroups of students by race and gender; and (c) determine the influence of HR (as an estimate of activity) on BP and BP patterns for 100 normal, healthy students 9-12 years of age. We found no statistically significant differences between various racial groups or between gender for MESOR, amplitude, acrophase, or degree of sinusoidality of circadian rhythmicity (R2 values) for BP; clinically interesting differences were observed, including lower MESOR BPs in Hispanic males when compared with their female counterparts and slightly higher MESOR BPs in blacks of both genders when compared with whites. In addition, we demonstrated subgroups of students who exhibited specific 24-h and combined 12- and 24-h patterns. Also, 67% of subjects showed stable or nonrhythmic BP patterns, perhaps related to BP sampling intervals. Differences in HR, as a surrogate measure of activity, accounted for 56% of the variation in systolic BP but only 26% in diastolic BP over the 24 h.
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Yetman et al. (1994) conducted an observational in Healthy (n=100). Heart rate (as a surrogate measure of activity) was evaluated on Variation in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Differences in heart rate, as a surrogate measure of activity, accounted for 56% of the variation in systolic blood pressure and 26% in diastolic blood pressure over 24 hours.
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