Key result
The overall age-standardized prevalence of pragmatically defined high cardiovascular risk across 10 low- and middle-income country areas was 15.4%, ranging from 8.3% to 23.4%.
Why the study?
Currently available tools for assessing high cardiovascular risk often require measurements not available in resource-limited settings in low- and middle-income countries, necessitating a pragmatic evidence-based approach.
Cross-Sectional (n=37,067)
Yes
The prevalence of pragmatically defined high cardiovascular risk in 10 LMIC areas is high (15.4%), highlighting the need for targeted primary and secondary prevention strategies in resource-limited settings.
BACKGROUND: Currently available tools for assessing high cardiovascular risk (HCR) often require measurements not available in resource-limited settings in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). There is a need to assess HCR using a pragmatic evidence-based approach. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the prevalence of HCR in 10 LMIC areas in Africa, Asia, and South America and to investigate the profiles and correlates of HCR. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis using data from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-UnitedHealth Group Centers of Excellence. HCR was defined as history of heart disease/heart attack, history of stroke, older age (≥50 years for men and ≥60 for women) with history of diabetes, or older age with systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg. Prevalence estimates were standardized to the World Health Organization's World Standard Population. RESULTS: A total of 37,067 subjects ages ≥35 years were included; 53.7% were women and mean age was 53.5 ± 12.1 years. The overall age-standardized prevalence of HCR was 15.4% (95% confidence interval: 15.0% to 15.7%), ranging from 8.3% (India, Bangalore) to 23.4% (Bangladesh). Among men, the prevalence was 1.7% for the younger age group (35 to 49 years) and 29.1% for the older group (≥50); among women, 3.8% for the younger group (35 to 59 years) and 40.7% for the older group (≥60). Among the older group, measured systolic blood pressure ≥160 mm Hg (with or without other conditions) was the most common criterion for having HCR, followed by diabetes. The proportion of having met more than 1 criterion was nearly 20%. Age, education, and body mass index were significantly associated with HCR. Cross-site differences existed and were attenuated after adjusting for age, sex, education, smoking, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HCR in 10 LMIC areas was generally high. This study provides a starting point to define targeted populations that may benefit from interventions combining both primary and secondary prevention strategies.
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Carrillo-Larco et al. (2016) conducted a cross-sectional in High cardiovascular risk (n=37,067). Sociodemographic and health factors was evaluated on Age-standardized prevalence of high cardiovascular risk (95% CI 15.0%-15.7%). The overall age-standardized prevalence of pragmatically defined high cardiovascular risk across 10 low- and middle-income country areas was 15.4%, ranging from 8.3% to 23.4%.
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