Key result
Excess sodium intake affects ~81% of urban adults, with highest levels observed among minorities.
Why the study?
Sodium intake is associated with elevated blood pressure, a major cardiovascular risk factor, but its levels and associations in a representative sample of New York City adults were not well characterized.
Cross-Sectional (n=1,656)
p-value: p=<.05
This study demonstrates high sodium intake among NYC adults, particularly in non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations, and confirms the feasibility of 24-hour urine collection for population surveillance.
Persistent high sodium intake with racial disparities in NYC adults; leaves open whether targeted interventions reduce cardiovascular risk.
OBJECTIVES: We estimated sodium intake, which is associated with elevated blood pressure, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and assessed its association with related variables among New York City adults. METHODS: In 2010 we conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey of 1656 adults, the Heart Follow-Up Study, that collected self-reported health information, measured blood pressure, and obtained sodium, potassium, and creatinine values from 24-hour urine collections. RESULTS: Mean daily sodium intake was 3239 milligrams per day; 81% of participants exceeded their recommended limit. Sodium intake was higher in non-Hispanic Blacks (3477 mg/d) and Hispanics (3395 mg/d) than in non-Hispanic Whites (3066 mg/d; both P < .05). Higher sodium intake was associated with higher blood pressure in adjusted models, and this association varied by race/ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS: Higher sodium intake among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics than among Whites was not previously documented in population surveys relying on self-report. These results demonstrate the feasibility of 24-hour urine collection for the purposes of research, surveillance, and program evaluation.
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Angell et al. (2014) reported a cross-sectional. Sodium intake was evaluated on Mean daily sodium intake (p=<.05). Mean daily sodium intake among New York City adults was 3239 mg/d, with 81% exceeding recommended limits, and was significantly higher in non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics than Whites (P<.05).