Photovoltaic-phase change material systems: A review from thermal managements to system optimizations

This article starts from the core issues of photovoltaic thermal management, systematically reviews the mechanism of temperature's impact on photovoltaic efficiency. The analysis compares active and passive cooling technologies to highlight the distinct advantages of phase change materials in passive thermal control. The paper further details the classification and selection criteria of phase change materials alongside various strategies for enhancing heat transfer. Subsequently, this study explored the application of photovoltaics and phase change materials in integrated systems, including thermal collection units, thermoelectric generators, Trombe walls, compression heat pumps and ejector heat pumps. This integration facilitates a transition from passive thermal control to active heat utilization, thereby improving the overall energy supply efficiency of integrated system. Finally, the review summarizes operation and maintenance strategies covering dust removal, angle tracking, environmental impact assessment and intelligent control to ensure long-term system stability. By constructing a comprehensive technological chain from fundamental theory and material optimization to system integration and operational management, this work reveals the significant potential of photovoltaic coupled with phase change material technology in enhancing comprehensive energy efficiency and providing clean energy.