The integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems with thermoelectric generator (TEG) and composite phase change material (CPCM) represents a transformative approach to overcoming the inefficiencies associated with standalone solar technologies. This review critically analyzes recent advances in hybrid SPV-TEG-CPCM systems, focusing on material innovations, system configurations, and their collective impact on energy efficiency and thermal regulation. The novelty of this integration lies in its ability to harness waste heat from SPV modules and utilize it for secondary power generation and thermal storage, thus improving energy conversion rates and ensuring operational stability under fluctuating environmental conditions. The paper synthesizes state-of-the-art research, highlights technical challenges, and outlines future research directions, offering a structured and in-depth perspective for researchers and engineers.
Bhagat et al. (2025) studied this question.